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What do you eat when you’re not feeling so hot? The Chinese have an answer. One interesting element of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）, a system of folk beliefs based on how the human body works, is its focus on nutrition. Treating ailments by eating right has been at the heart of Chinese food culture for millennia.
But the system does more than treat the sniffles. The dietary restrictions specified for various physiological and even mental complaints are meant to work holistically, curing whatever ails you from head to toe. While the initial literature on the topic – dating back to the 7th century, right after the Library of Alexandria burned down – was derived from texts on how to live forever, the ideas on first turning to food rather than medicine have endured into the present day.
The basic concepts are based on hundreds of years of observing what food does to the body. That means more than just a simple nutritional analysis, but also the food’s inherent “temperature.” Every foodstuff is considered to have its own particular heat value, ranging from hot to cold, with some more obvious than others.
This is when things get a little tricky. Fruits and green vegetables like broccoli or apples are reputed to have a cooling effect on the body, while watermelon and tomatoes are just downright cold – and consequently to be enjoyed in moderation. Spicy foods – think chili and black pepper – are, predictably, hot, as are most alcoholic beverages, while most meats and seafood products are considered warming. Many mushrooms, starches and nuts have a neutral heat value, and can thus be enjoyed more frequently. Not all values are so straightforward： tea, served piping hot, should be considered hot, right? Nope. The value is registered in the food’s effects on the body, not its objective temperature, so, because your body begins to cool off after a few sips, hot tea is considered a cooling beverage.
Not only does a food’s heat value affect its medicinal value, but flavor also plays a part. Pungent foods like mint or mustard promote blood circulation. Sweets slow down reflexes, while bitterness boosts digestion. Salty foods lubricate the organs and nourish the blood, while sour elements have the opposite result, promoting fluid retention – good if you’re overheated or feverish.
The most important element of harmonious dining is to attain a sense of balance, which fits right in to the Taoist concepts of Yin and Yang, which demand equilibrium in all things. When it comes to food, Yin represents cooling, while Yang represents heat, but healthy bodies need both to stay on an even keel. This makes sense – think about how good a chilled glass of ice cold lemonade would taste on a swelteringly hot day, or how nourishing a bowl of hot soup can be after coming in from the cold.
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