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U.S. President Donald Trump’s recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, and the subsequent decision to relocate the U.S. embassy there from Tel Aviv in December 2017, invoked a tempest of criticism from around the world.
On December 21, 2017, in response to the Trump administration’s unprecedented move, the United Nations （UN） held an emergency special session and passed a resolution with the support of an overwhelming majority, declaring that any decision or action which seeks to change Jerusalem’s offi cial status were null and void. The resolution also reiterated the need for negotiations between Israel and Palestine to decide the status of the city.
Before the vote, U.S. Ambassador to the UN Nikki Haley warned of retaliation against those who opposed the U.S. position, but many countries nonetheless voted to condemn the White House decision, which demonstrated that both the U.S. and Israel stand in relative isolation on this extremely sensitive issue.
The holy city
The Jerusalem problem is one of the most contentious issues in the ongoing dispute between Israel and the Arab countries, and is also amongst the most sensitive in the stalled Israeli-Palestinian peace talks. An ancient city with 5,000 years of history, it has at one time or another been home to nations both Arabic and Jewish, their peoples, religious temples and other cultural relics. It is the common holy land of Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
In theory at least, Jerusalem’s status has already been decided by the UN. Back in 1947, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution 181 which recommended the creation of independent Arab and Jewish States and a Special International Regime for the city of Jerusalem. However, this ruling was quickly cast aside, and during the 1948 Palestine War Israel acquired West Jerusalem while Jordan took control of the eastern part of the city. In 1967, the Six-Day War culminated in the annexation of East Jerusalem by Israel, and in 1980 the legislative branch of the Israeli Government passed a law proclaiming Jerusalem as the country’s“complete and united capital.”
Arab countries have never recognized the legitimacy of Israel’s actions regarding the status of Jerusalem, and Palestine has all the while been striving to establish a state with East Jerusalem as its capital. The international community in general does not recognize Israel’s sovereignty over Jerusalem, and most countries, including the U.S., established their embassies in Tel Aviv.
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