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STUDY OF THE SOUTHWEST BORDERLAND OF CHINA AND CHIEFTAIN IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF “THE CENTRAL CHINA AGRICULTURAL CIVILIZATION PLATE”
YUFengchun
（Research Center for Chinese Borderland History and Geography, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, 100005, China）
JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY, VOL. 3, NO. 5, 01-17, 2012 （CN51-1731/C, in Chinese）
DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-9391.2012.05.01
Abstract： When “the central China agricultural civilization plate” opened up by Emperor Wudi in Han Dynasty to the territory of China established at last in 1820, the borderland of the “plate”——Korea Si Jun and Nanyue San Jun that were relatively stable, had supported themselves successively. However, the area of Southwest Yi or Xinanyi, with a turbulent history of more than a thousand years, where the traffic was blocked, miasma was raging, the economy and culture was unique and the separatist forces were strong , was still at the hand of Qing Government. This is because the area was the place where Kublai Khan strengthed his power. He established administration and chieftain system there in order to strengthen his rule. The court of the Ming dynasty,on the other hand, wished to change this area into a rear base depending on its natural and human resources so as to prevent the Northern Yuan’s re-occupation of the southwest. In order to prevent the union of the powers of the Mongolian and Tibetan with the chieftains in southwest and guarantee the supply of Dian copper, the court of the Qing dyansty chose to implement series of policies like “gaitu guiliu”（replace the local chieftains with royal pointed officials） to strengthen its rule in the southwest. The actions taken by the above mentioned three courts and the fact of Central China farmers’ bringing of high yielding crop seeds of America which can resistant to the high plateau, cold weather and barren land in the late Ming period made the southwest area which was regarded as a place “hard to be controlled” in the past, become a part of “the central China plate” at last.
Key Words：“the central China agricultural civilization plate”； chieftain； miasma； gaitu guiliu
THE HISTORIANS’ CONSTRUCTION OF CHIEFTAIN G?NPO NAMGYE’S IMAGE
YUDRU Tsomu （JING Hongmei）
（History Department, Lawrence University of U.S.A. ）
JOURNAL OF ETHNOLOGY, VOL. 3, NO. 5, 18-29, 2012 （CN51-1731/C, in Chinese）
DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-9391.2012.05.02
Abstract： In historical literatures, the image of G?npo Namgyel, an indigenous chieftain of Nyarong in Central Kham in the mid-19th century, experienced a transformation from a loathsome destroyer of happiness and peace to a tragic leader of a serf uprising, and later again to a self-serving warlord.The process ofconstructing the image of G?npo Namgyel shows that the construction of historical figures is rather complex and ambivalent, and is often influenced by various factors.The historians’ ideological focus, biases of official documents, contemporary political context, and current academic concerns all have impacted on the construction of G?npo Namgyel’s image. Historical narration means to construct historical figures within a narrative structure, relying on prevalent narrative methods of the times, and the narrative structure just reflects the concerns of the period.
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参考文献：
1、 科技论文英文摘要的常见问题回顾 摘 要：本文基于《光电子快报（英文版）》稿件的编辑加工实践，发现英文摘要写作存在不规范的问题，依据科技论文英文摘要的结构和编写原则，从写作内容和。
2、 全国期刊民族学、文化（社会人类学论文索引 （2016 10-2016 11）（本栏目特邀中央民族大学图书馆塔娜博士主持）一、民族问题与民族关系研究法国民族问题及政策对我国的经验借鉴。
3、 学术论文摘要撰写 摘要：针对学术期刊投稿和编辑中论文摘要大面积写作不规范的现实，以数例研究学术论文摘要写作的论文摘要编写不规范为典型案例，指出摘要“摘而无要”、“。
4、 再议英语本科毕业论文英文摘要中存在的问题 【摘要】论文摘要是对论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短概述。很多学者针对英语专业本科毕业论文摘要内容及文体进行了研究，但基于数据统计分析的研究并不太。
5、 论编造、故意传播虚假信息罪刑法规制 摘 要： 《刑法修正案（九）》首次将编造、故意传播虚假险情、疫情、灾情、警情的行为规定为犯罪，这是维护社会公共秩序的必要之举。认定是否构成编造、。
6、 英文摘要 AbstractsInstitutional Coordination and the Future Asian Security Archi。